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The Restoration of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire:
527-1056
With the collapse of its western half, the Roman Empire was restricted to Eastern Europe. However, the ideal of a single, united empire encompassing the Mediterranean Basin continued to inspire. The Emperor Justinian attempted to re-conquer many of the lands that had been lost to the Germanic tribes. The empire was further challenged by migrations of Slavic peoples and by the expansion of Islam. The confrontation between the Byzantine Empire and various Islamic societies dominated the history of this period.
- 527-565: Reign of Justinian
- 532-537: Justinian builds the Church of Hagia Sophia
- 533-534: Re-conquest of North Africa from the Vandals
- 535-555: Re-conquest of Italy from the Goths
- 541-543: Great Plague
- 548: Death of the Empress Theodora
- 568: Lombards invade Italy
- 610-641: Reign of Heraclius
Islam Chronology
- Syria, Palestine and Egypt are conquered by Muslims
- 680: Council of Constantinople
- Monophysitism is declared unorthodox
- 681: The First Bulgarian Empire is formed.
- 690s: Muslims conquer Byzantine North Africa
- 717-718: Muslims lay siege to Constantinople
- c. 858-867: The Missionary Journeys of Sts. Cyril and Methodius
- 867-1056: Macedonian dynasty
- Reconquest of the Balkan Peninsula
- South Slavs are converted to Orthodoxy
- 976-1025: Reign of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer
- c. 980-1015: Reign of Prince Vladimir of Kiev
- 988: Kievan Russ adopts Orthodoxy
- 1018: First Bulgarian Empire is conquered.
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Secondary Sources
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