Orthodox Caliphate (Mecca and Medina)

• 632-634: Abu Bakr
• 634-644: Omar
  • 636: Conquest of Syria
  • 637: Conquest of Jerusalem and Persia
  • 641: Conquest of Alexandria
• 644-656: Othman
  • The official text of the Koran is established.
• 656-661: Ali
  • 655-661: Civil War: Omayyads versus Ali

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources