Foraging Peoples

Settled Agriculture

Primary Urbanization

Early Mesopotamian Civilizations

Expansion and Contraction of Mesopotamian Empires

• Era of Smaller Civilizations
• Revival of Mesopotamian Empires

Persian Empire

The Persian Wars

499-479 BC

The Ionian Revolt: 499-493 BC 547 BC: Greek city-states fall under Persian rule. 499 BC: Ionian Greek city-states revolt against Persian rule. 493 BC: Darius the Great of Persia suppresses the revolt. The First Persian Campaign: 490 BC 490 BC: Persian invasion force is defeated at the Battle of MarathonPersian Empire ChronologyHellenic Greece Chronology The Second Persian Campaign: 480 BC 480 BC: Xerxes, king of Persia, invades the Greek mainlandPersian Empire ChronologyHellenic Greece Chronology --Greek resistance to Persia exemplified in the Battle of Thermopylae. --Persian force is defeated at the Battle Salamis. 479 BC: Xerxes withdraws his forces.

Resources Primary Sources Herodotus: The Battle of Marathon King Xerxes Secondary Sources

Text copyright 1996-1999 by David W. Koeller. All rights reserved.