- 1854-1856: Crimean War.
- 1872: Russia, Germany and Austria form the Three Emperor's League.
- 1877: Russo-Turkish War.
- 1879: Germany and Austria form the Dual Alliance.
- 1878: Treaty of San Stephano.
- 1882: The Triple Alliance is formed: Germany, Italy and Austria.
- 1884-1885: The Congress of Berlin decides the fate of Africa.
African Chronology
- 1887: Reinsurance Treaty between Germany and Russia.
- 1890: The new German ministry under Caprivi fails to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia.
- 1893-1894: Russo-Frankish Alliance.
- 1898: Crisis at Fashoda.
- First Germany Naval Law: Germany challenges Britain for control of the seas.
- 1899: Boer War begins.
- 1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
- 1904: France and Britain conclude an entente.
- 1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War.
- 1905: First Moroccan Crisis.
- 1907: Britain and Russia conclude an entente.
- 1908: Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- 1911: Second Moroccan Crisis.
- 1912-1913: First Balkan War.
- 1913: Second Balkan War.
- 1914: World War I begins.
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