- c. 3200 BC: Sumerian Civilization
- c. 2900 BC: Egypt
- c. 2500 BC: Harappan Culture
- c. 1700 BC: Shang China
- c. 1500 BC: Olmec Civilization
- c. 1400 BC: Expansion and Contraction of Mesopotamian Empires
- c. 1300: Aryan migration into the Indus Valley
- 2205 BC: Early Chinese Civilization
- 2000 BC: Meso-American Civilization
- 500 BC: Nok Culture
- AD 600: Andean Civilization
- 550 BC-AD 1453: Cosmopolitan Empires in the Eastern Mediterranean
- 332 540 BC: Cosmopolitan Empires in India
- 221 BC-AD 220: Early Imperial China
- AD 400-1500: African Kingdoms and Empires
- 630-553 BC: Zarathustra
- b. 604 BC: Lao Tse
- c. 585 BC: Thales of Miletus
- 611-546 BC: Anaximander of Miletus
- 550-480 BC: Siddhartha Gautama called the Buddha
- c. 550 BC: Mahavira
- d. 585 BC: Jeremiah
- 511-479 BC: Kung Fu-tse
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