Foraging Societies

Settled Agriculture

Primary Urbanization

Classical Empires

• Early River Valley Empires
• Expansion and Contraction of Empires
• Cosmopolitan Empires

• Formation of Eurasian Ecumene
• Barbarian Invasions
• Islamic Expansion
• Mongol Dominance
• Second Islamic Age

Unification of the Hemispheres

• Voyages of Exploration
• Chinese Dominance
• The New Imperialism

Formation of World Culture

• Modern Western Civilization
• The New Imperialism
• The World Wars
• Decolonization
• After the Cold War

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While the cities of a particular region may have begun as self-governing political units, over time these city-states were brought together into a single political unit, usually by force. These larger political units are known as empires.  The earliest empires were centered on river valleys where intensified agriculture had developed.

Expansion and Contraction of Mesopotamian Empires: 1400 -600 BC 1400 BC: Weakening of central authority in Assyria and Egypt 1020- 586 BC: The Kingdom of Israel 745 BC: Restoration of Assyria 625 BC: Rise of Babylon Egyptian Civilization: 3100 BC - 332 BC 3100-2686 BC: Archaic Period 2686-2181 BC: Old Kingdom 1991-1636 BC: Middle Kingdom 1578-1085 BC: New Kingdom 1085-332 BC: Late Dynastic Period 332 BC: Alexander the Great conquers Egypt Harappan Civilization: 2600 -1300 BC 2600-2500 BC: Harappan Civilization is at its height 2000-1900 BC: Harappan Civilization collapses c. 1300 BC: Aryans migrate into the Indus Valley c. 1000 BC: Aryan migrate into the Ganges Valley The Early Chinese Civilization: 2205 BC- AD 220 221-207 BC: Qin dynasty. 206 BC- AD 9: Former Han dynasty The Mesoamerican Civilizations: 2000 BC- AD 925 2000 BC-AD 925: Mayan Culture 2000 BC: Beginnings of Mayan culture AD 325-925: Mayan culture at its peak The Andean Civilizations: 600 - 1538 600-800: Huari and Tiahuanaco empires 1438-1538: Inca Empire. The Niger River Civilizations: 200 BC - AD 400 c. 500 BC: Nok culture c. 500-450 BC: Development of iron smelting 500 BC - AD 500: The Bantu migrations 200 BC: Jenne-jeno founded AD 400: Height of the Niger River city-states

Resources Primary Sources Rig Veda Tiglathpileser Secondary Sources

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