"Primary Urbanization" refers to the first development of cities in a particular region. Generally speaking, historians believe that urban society was developed independently in at least six regions: Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Yangtze River Valley, Mesoamerica and the Andean Altiplano. From these original centers it diffused to the rest of the world.
- 3,100 - 2,700 BC: Old Kingdom Egypt
- 200 BC: Height of Nok culture
- AD 400: Jenne-Jeno in Nigeria
- 2,600 - 2,500 BC: Harappan Civilization at its height
- 1523 - 1027 BC: Xia dynasty
- 900 BC: Chavins unite Peru
- 800 BC: Olmecs unite Mesoamerica
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